Land pressures,the evolution of farming systems,and development strategies in Africa: A synthesis

Evidence assembled in this special issue of Food Policy shows that rising rural population densities in parts of Africa are profoundly affecting farming systems and the region’s economies in ways that are underappreciated in current discourse on African development issues. This study synthesizes how people, markets and governments are responding to rising land pressures in Africa, drawing on key findings from the various contributions in this special issue. The papers herein revisit the issue of Boserupian agricultural intensification as an important response to land constraints, but they also go further than Boserup and her followers to explore broader responses to land constraints, including non-farm diversification, migration, and reduced fertility rates. Agricultural and rural development strategies in the region will need to more fully anticipate the implications of Africa’s rapidly changing land and demographic situation, and the immense challenges that mounting land pressures pose in the context of current evidence of unsustainable agricultural intensification, a rapidly rising labor force associated with the region’s current demographic conditions, and limited nonfarm job creation. These challenges are manageable but will require explicit policy actions to address the unique development challenges in densely populated rural areas.     

基于灰色关联模糊模型的黑龙江省农产品流通企业发展水平评价

利用2005—2011年黑龙江省农产品流通企业发展水平指标的年度数据,利用灰色关联度分析法与模糊综合评判法相结合构建模型,以此作为定量分析黑龙江省农产品流通企业发展水平的基础。研究表明,黑龙江省农产品流通企业发展水平处于一般状态且存在发展结构不合理的现象。     

以龙江观光型乡村游为契机提升特色农产品营销力

近年,国内旅游业的乘数效应日益凸显,乡村旅游业也正逐步成为破解"三农"问题和建设美丽乡村的重要着力点。本文以龙江观光型乡村旅游中特色农产品购买者为分析对象,借助多元统计分析工具对影响游客购买行为的主要因素进行探讨,在深入剖析游客购买行为与影响因素的相关性后,提出了提升黑龙江特色农产品营销力的策略。     

武夷山封闭式管理对利益相关者的影响研究

武夷山封闭式管理引发了利益相关者的利益重构问题.本文通过对武夷山封闭式管理中各利益相关者的实地调研和走访,以及其后开展的跟踪研究,探讨了各利益相关者的利益分歧点及其相互关系,提出只有顾全利益相关者,保证多方利益的协调,建立利益均衡的景区合作管理模式,才是景区封闭式管理困境的最佳破解途径.     

完善农产品增值税制度的构想

我国现行对“对农业生产者销售自产的农产品免税”的政策初衷是为了照顾农民的利益,但政策的实际效果很不理想,导致了一系列问题。文章从理论和现实分析指出,解决问题的思路就是对农产品生产环节恢复征收规范的增值税,并提出符合我国目前国情对农业生产者恢复征收增值税制度的初步构想。     

中国的世界遗产管理之路--黄山模式评价及其更新(下)

本文认为，黄山模式的更新，主要应进一步解决好以下三方面问题，即：遗产管理标准；遗产经营制度；遗产与当地社区的关系。这就是说：①黄山必须按“遗产真实性与完整性”原则，制定一系列可操作的管理标准，并将旅游服务标准按遗产保护要求而绿色化；②黄山旅游活动必须严格按“山上游，山下居”(即“景区游，区外居”)的方式进行，而不是过去的“山上游，山上居”；③黄山的经营必须破除“一套班子，两块牌子”的传统做法，对于遗产(即景区)，应按“非营利”制度经营，对于非遗产类活动(如食、住、行等)，则按市场体制经营；④黄山应妥善地解决有关的行政区划问题，使得为黄山保护提供主要支持的当地社区能从黄山旅游业发展中真正受益。     

中国的世界遗产管理之路--黄山模式评价及其更新(上)

黄山一直被视为中国文化与自然遗产管理的样板单位。本文基于对黄山诸多侧面的认真调查 ,在肯定黄山模式成就的同时 ,指出黄山模式更新的必要性与迫切性。本文认为 ,黄山模式的意义在于它适应当代社会和经济的发展趋势 ,在遗产管理中引入市场机制 ,较好地解决了遗产管理费用问题以及对当地的经济贡献问题。同时 ,本文还认为 ,作为一个现代社会的世界遗产管理单位 ,黄山正面临着命运攸关的挑战。     

国外遗产研究博士生培养的特征及启示——以美国阿肯色州立大学为例

尽管目前有关世界遗产的相关研究比较多,但是在高层次的博士生培养方面的研究,却几乎是一个空白。而我国在遗产相关专业或方向的博士生培养方面,基本上还处于刚刚起步的阶段,大多数高校或科研机构存在着指导教师(学术背景)单一、过分追求博士生发表学术论文的篇数、博士生的研究成果欠缺原创性等弊端。为了填补这一研究空白和解决这些问题,笔者希望通过详细地介绍美国阿肯色州立大学遗产研究博士项目的主要过程,让我国的遗产相关研究者们更加清楚、明晰地了解国外遗产研究专业或方向高层次教育的动态,并对国内高校及科研机构的遗产研究专业或方向的博士生培养提出了建设性的意见。     

Cultural Tourism And Flamenco In The City Of Cordoba (Spain)

Flamenco is a tourist product that can attract many visitors from around the world, and the city of Cordoba (Spain) has an important role in the origins of flamenco. This work studies whether the satisfaction of cultural tourists who visit the city can be influenced by cultural offers related to flamenco. To achieve this objective, fieldwork was carried out based on 709 surveys conducted in the most important flamenco “tablaos” (stages) of the city. The techniques of factorial analysis and linear adjustment were used. The results show that flamenco can be a product that complements the satisfaction of cultural tourists.     

Fairytale authenticity: historic city tourism,Harry Potter,medievalism and the magical gaze

ABSTRACT

This article makes an original contribution to debates about authenticity by asking how tourist experiences of the medieval historic environment are linked to fairytales, providing a new way for tourists to imaginatively authenticate heritage. The architecture of some historic cities is preponderantly medieval, an era which is strongly associated with fairytales. Magical-historical double affectiveness has been compounded in the collective imagination by modern fairytales such as the fantasy Harry Potter and Game of Thrones which employ historic city locations and faux-medieval settings, establishing a fluid magi-heritage simulacrum. This is concretised by the appearance in many historic cities of evidence of magical placemaking and staged magical authenticity, such as wizarding shops. The study used a visual methodology to examine 14 historic cities including Oxford, Cambridge, Bath, York, and Canterbury, demonstrating how the magical gaze employs fairytale schemata to imaginatively authenticate places. The findings illustrated how heritage tourists serendipitously encountered the medieval-fairytalesque, unfolding the agency of monumental cathedrals and castles and discovering stories and the historicisation of mythology within the extraordinary-ordinary streetscape. The research findings imply that in an era when the fantasy genre is increasingly popular, the experiential authenticity of heritage tourists may be enhanced by the ‘heritage marvellous.’